Perubahan Ekologi dan Pergeseran Bahasa Melayu di Pedalaman Kapuas Hulu, Kalimantan Barat

Yusriadi Yusriadi, Ismail Ruslan, Chong Shin, Dedy Ari Asfar

Abstract


This research aims to describe the changes in the natural, physical, and social environment that occur in society and their influence on language. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive method. The data in this study are the speeches of speakers and community leaders regarding ecological and language changes in the Malay community in Riam Panjang, Kapuas Hulu. Data collection techniques were obtained through field observations, interviews, and documentation studies. The data analysis technique uses an ethnographic record analysis model by grouping thematically based on research objectives. After grouping, the data were described and interpreted, then concluded according to the focus of this research. The results of this study show that the natural, physical, and social environment has changed dramatically in the last three decades. The construction of the Southern Crossing Road linking Kapuas Hulu-Sintang (and Pontianak) and Malaysia in the northern crossing was a pivotal point of change. The population's relationship with the outside world has become more intense, while the relationship with the forest, fields, and rivers has become tenuous. The Malay language has shifted. The vocabulary of farming, games, rivers, fish and fishing gear, and river transportation has been abandoned. On the other hand, the previously monolingual society became a multilingual society. This research shows that changes in the natural and social environment greatly affect the shift in community language use.

 

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan lingkungan alam, fisik, dan sosial yang terjadi dalam masyarakat dan pengaruhnya terhadap bahasa. Metode penelitian ini mengunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dalam penelitian ini tuturan penutur dan tokoh masyarakat berkenaan dengan perubahan ekologi dan bahasa dalam masyarakat Melayu di Riam Panjang, Kapuas Hulu. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi lapangan, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model analisis catatan etnografi dengan mengelompokkan secara tematik berdasarkan tujuan penelitian. Setelah dikelompokkan, selanjutnya data dideskripsikan dan diinterpretasikan, lalu disimpulkan sesuai fokus penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan perubahan lingkungan alam, fisik, dan sosial terjadi drastis dalam tiga dekade terakhir ini. Pembangunan Jalan Lintas Selatan yang menghubungkan Kapuas Hulu-Sintang (dan Pontianak) serta Malaysia di lintas utara merupakan titik anjak perubahan. Hubungan penduduk dengan dunia luar semakin intens, sedangkan hubungan dengan hutan, ladang, dan sungai menjadi renggang. Bahasa Melayu mengalami pergeseran. Kosa kata perladangan, permainan, sungai, ikan dan alat tangkap, pengangkutan sungai telah ditinggalkan. Pada sisi lain, masyarakat yang sebelumnya monolingual menjadi masyarakat multilingual. Penelitian ini menunjukkan perubahan lingkungan alam dan sosial sangat memengaruhi pergeseran pemakaian bahasa masyarakat.


Keywords


Ekologi; pergeseran bahasa; Melayu; Jalan Lintas Selatan; Kalimantan Barat

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v13i1.6202

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