Loanwords in English from Local Languages in Indonesia

Ana Purwitasari

doi:10.26499/rnh.v14i1.6655

Loanwords in English from Local Languages in Indonesia

Ana Purwitasari

Abstract

This research engages with the aim to find out at least three things related closely to loanwords of English from Indonesian and local languages in Indonesia, including (1) which Indonesian words are borrowed by English, (2) what kind of loanword type are they and (3) which sound changes are found after the borrowing process. English texts as the corpora showed there are at least 38 loanwords from the local languages, e.g. Indonesian, Javanese with its variant, Sundanese, Ekagi or Ekari and Malay spoken in several regions in Indonesian archipelago. Speaking of loanword type, six of 38 loanwords are linguistically classified as loanshift for having shifted meaning in English as the recipient language, whereas the rest being direct loan. There are also sound changes in English, referring to (1) diphthongization, e.g. (a) e  eɪ as in [tempe]  [ˈtɛmpeɪ], (b) a  eɪ as in [kapʊʔ]  [ˈkeɪpɒk], (c) o  əʊ as in [gekɔɂ]  [ˈɡɛ.kəʊ] and (d) u  oʊ as in [pəŋɡulɪŋ]  [pæŋˈɡoʊlɪn], (2) elision, e.g. (a) [kakaʔtua]  [kɒkəˈtuː] and (b) [kǝris]  [krîːs], (3) infixation, as in (a) [mahɔni]  [məˈhɒɡəni] and (b) [maŋɡis]  [ˈmæŋɡəstiːn] and (4) lenition, e.g. (a) ʊ  ɒ as in [ˈamʊk̚]  [əˈmɒk], (b) t  d as in [ˈkati]  [ˈkædi] and (c) u  ǝ as in [kasuari]  [ˈkæs.ə.ˌwɛɹ.i].

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari tiga hal berkaitan dengan kata pinjaman dalam bahasa Inggris dari bahasa-bahasa daerah di Indonesia dan bahasa Indonesia, yaitu (1) leksikon apa saja yang diserap oleh bahasa Inggris, (2) tipe kata pinjaman apa, dan (3) perubahan bunyi apa yang ditemukan setelah proses peminjaman leksikon. Teks dalam bahasa Inggris yang digunakan sebagai sumber data menunjukkan bahwa setidaknya terdapat 38 kata pinjaman dari bahasa-bahasa di Indonesia, yaitu bahasa Indonesia, bahasa Jawa dengan berbagai variannya, bahasa Sunda, bahasa Ekagi atau Ekari, dan bahasa Melayu. Adapun tipe kata pinjaman yang ditemukan mencakup loanshift yang disertai dengan perubahan makna dalam bahasa Inggris dan direct loan yang merujuk pada proses peminjaman kata tanpa disertai perubahan bunyi dan makna dalam bahasa Inggris. Perubahan bunyi yang dimaksud adalah (1) perubahan menjadi diftong, contoh (a) e  eɪ pada kata [tempe]  [ˈtɛmpeɪ], (b) a  eɪ pada kata [kapʊʔ]  [ˈkeɪpɒk], (c) o  əʊ pada kata [gekɔɂ]  [ˈɡɛ.kəʊ] dan (d) u  oʊ pada kata [pəŋɡulɪŋ]  [pæŋˈɡoʊlɪn], (2) elisi, contoh (a) [kakaʔtua]  [kɒkəˈtuː] dan (b) [kǝris]  [krîːs], (3) infiksasi, contoh (a) [mahɔni]  [məˈhɒɡəni] dan (b) [maŋɡis]  [ˈmæŋɡəstiːn], dan (4) lenisi, contoh (a) ʊ  ɒ pada kata [ˈamʊk̚]  [əˈmɒk], (b) t  d pada kata [ˈkati]  [ˈkædi] dan (c) u  ǝ pada kata [kasuari]  [ˈkæs.ə.ˌwɛɹ.i].

Keywords

loanwords, English, Indonesian, loanword type, sound change

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v14i1.6655

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