Challenges in Pronouncing Indonesian Vowels: Phoneme Realization Among American BIPA Learners

Dewi Wahyuning Astuti, Lia Maulia Indrayani, Erlina Zulkifli Mahmud

Abstract


Due to cultural linguistic exchanges, and the strategic value of being able to communicate in the language for academic, business, and diplomatic purposes, the number of foreign students enrolling in Bahasa Indonesia for Foreign Speakers (BIPA) programs has increased. As BIPA students acquire Indonesian as a second language, it will be challenging. The purpose of this study is to identify the realization of Indonesian vowels in BIPA (Indonesian for Foreign Speakers) by American students learning Indonesian, as well as to see the most common vowel realizations produced by BIPA learners. The method used was Qualitative research conducted with a descriptive method. Data were collected from in-depth interviews and recorded speech samples. The analysis was conducted by transcribing speech into phonetic transcriptions to find the realization of phonemes uttered by BIPA students from America. Data consist of different phonological phonemes that were uttered by seven American BIPA students at Malang University. The result show that there were three categories of phoneme realization linguistic, there are phoneme additions, phoneme deletions, and phoneme alterations. The data showed different realization phonemes occurred in Vowel /a/, /i/, /e/, /o/, /ə/, /ʊ/, /u/. By understanding these different realizations, educators can develop more effective lesson plans to improve pronunciation and fluency for American BIPA learners.

Abstrak
Karena pertukaran bahasa budaya, dan nilai strategis untuk dapat berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk tujuan akademis, bisnis, dan diplomatik, jumlah siswa asing yang mendaftar di program Bahasa Indonesia untuk Penutur Asing (BIPA) telah meningkat. Ketika pemelajar BIPA memperoleh bahasa Indonesia sebagai bahasa kedua, hal ini menjadi tantangan tersendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi realisasi vokal bahasa Indonesia dalam BIPA (Bahasa Indonesia bagi Penutur Asing) oleh mahasiswa asal Amerika yang belajar bahasa Indonesia, serta melihat realisasi vokal yang paling umum diproduksi oleh pemelejar BIPA. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan dari wawancara mendalam dan rekaman sampel ujaran. Analisis dilakukan dengan mentranskrip ucapan ke dalam transkripsi fonetik untuk menemukan realisasi fonem yang diucapkan oleh mahasiswa BIPA dari Amerika. Data terdiri dari berbagai fonem fonologis yang diucapkan oleh tujuh mahasiswa BIPA Amerika di Universitas Negeri Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada tiga kategori realisasi fonem linguistik yaitu penambahan fonem, penghilangan fonem, dan perubahan fonem. Data menunjukkan realisasi fonem yang berbeda terjadi pada vokal /a/, /i/, /e/, /o/, /ə/, /ʊ/, /u/. Dengan memahami realisasi yang berbeda ini, para pengajar dapat mengembangkan rencana pelajaran yang lebih efektif untuk meningkatkan pelafalan dan kefasihan bagi para pemelajar BIPA.

Keywords


American students; BIPA; Indonesian pronunciation; Phonological realization.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/rnh.v14i1.8021

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