STRUKTUR DAN FUNGSI GUGUS LEKSIKAL DALAM TEKS PERATURAN PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN, SURAT RESMI, DAN SURAT BISNIS (Structure and Function of Lexical Bundles in Legal Texts, Formal Letters, and Business Letters)

Meli Tri Diana Putri

Abstract


Lexical bundles are defined as a sequence of three or more words that indicate a statistical tendency to occur together in a register. This research focuses on identifying the frequency, structure, and function of lexical bundles in registers of regulations and letters. This is a corpus based research with inductive approach. The corpus of data in this research are 1,019,326 words that come from 5 different kinds of text, which are laws, presidential regulations, ministerial regulations, formal letters and business letters. The frequency limit used to identify lexical bundles in this study is 20 times in at least 5 different texts. The result shows that there are 345 lexical bundles with three to seven words sequences, such as sebagaimana dimaksud pada, oleh karena itu, and yang dimaksud dengan. From those five texts, laws has the most lexical bundles. Meanwhile, in the analysis of the structure of three words bundles from those five texts are dominated by the complete structural pattern (56.85%), such as verbal phrase (e.g. dilakukan dengan cara), whereas the incomplete structural pattern (43.15%) is dominated by verbal phrase + preposition with the word “yang” as its modifier (e.g. yang diatur dalam). Related to the function of lexical bundles, it was found that there were functions that were oriented to the regulatory and textual aspects, while there were no functions that were oriented towards the interaction between the writer and the reader.

Gugus leksikal (lexical bundles) didefinisikan sebagai rangkaian tiga kata atau lebih yang menunjukkan kecenderungan secara statistik untuk terjadi secara bersama dalam sebuah register. Penelitian ini berfokus mengidentifikasi frekuensi, struktur, dan fungsi gugus leksikal dalam register peraturan perundang-undangan dan teks surat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian berbasis korpus dengan pendekatan induktif. Korpus data dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 1.019.326 kata yang bersumber dari 5 jenis teks, yaitu undang-undang, peraturan presiden, peraturan menteri, surat resmi, dan surat bisnis. Batasan frekuensi yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi gugus leksikal dalam penelitian ini adalah 20 kali dalam setidaknya 5 teks yang berbeda. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa ditemukan 345 gugus leksikal dengan panjang rangkaian tiga kata hingga tujuh kata, dengan didominasi rangkaian tiga kata, seperti sebagaimana dimaksud pada, oleh karena itu, dan yang dimaksud dengan. Dari kelima jenis teks tersebut, undang-undang memuat gugus leksikal dengan jumlah terbanyak. Sementara itu, dalam analisis struktur gugus leksikal tiga kata pada kelima jenis teks tersebut didominasi oleh pola struktur lengkap (56,85%), seperti frasa verba (mis., dilakukan dengan cara), sedangkan struktur tidak lengkap (43,15%) didominasi oleh frasa verba + preposisi dengan pewatas “yang” (mis., yang diatur dalam). Pada fungsi gugus leksikal ditemukan fungsi yang berorientasi pada aspek peraturan dan tekstual, sedangkan tidak ditemukan fungsi yang berorientasi pada hubungan interaksi antara penulis dan pembaca.


 

 


Keywords


lexical bundles; legal texts; letters; frequency; structure and function; gugus leksikal; peraturan perundang-undangan; surat; frekuensi; struktur; dan fungsi

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/jk.v18i1.3322

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