IMPAK TRAUMA ATAS SUBJEK DALAM CERPEN SEBUAH CERITA SEDIH, GEMPA WAKTU, DAN OMONG KOSONG YANG HARUS ADA: PENDEKATAN TRAUMA CARUTHIAN (Impact of Trauma on the Subject in Sebuah Cerita Sedih, Gempa Waktu, dan Omong Kosong yang Harus Ada: Caruthian Trauma Approach)

Yuniardi Fadilah

Abstract


This study intends to describe the complexity brought about by trauma in a short story entitled "Sebuah Cerita Sedih, Gempa Waktu, dan Omong Kosong yang Harus Ada" by Dea Anugrah: the source of trauma creation, the impact of trauma on the subject, and efforts to recover from trauma. Thus, the basis for analysis is the study of trauma in literature by Cathy Caruth and the concept of secondary trauma described by Charles Figley. The research method is descriptive qualitative which can be classified as humanist literary criticism. This study found that the trauma of the subject Mother arose from the catastrophic event she experienced, namely in the form of sexual violence. As an impact, the trauma turned the subject into an Other: losing self-agency, running away from home, getting drunk, gambling, and prostituting herself. This impact also extended to the son who continued to care for his traumatized mother. As a result of continuously struggling intensely with the victim of trauma, the child subject unconsciously creates trauma—secondarily—in himself generating thoughts of suicide. However, the final effort always made by the subject is to continue  bargaining with the mother. In this case, the efforts made in responding to the trauma experienced by the mother and himself are a resilience to the situation.

 

Penelitian ini mencoba menjabarkan kompleksitas yang dibawa oleh trauma dalam cerpen berjudul “Sebuah Cerita Sedih, Gempa Waktu, dan Omong Kosong yang Harus Ada” karya Dea Anugrah: sumber penciptaan trauma, impak trauma atas subjek, dan upaya pemulihan atas trauma. Dengan demikian, landasan yang dijadikan dasar analisis ialah kajian trauma dalam sastra oleh Cathy Caruth dan konsep trauma sekunder oleh Charles Figley. Metode penelitian yang digunakan berupa deskriptif kualitatif yang dapat digolongkan sebagai kritik sastra humanis. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa trauma subjek Ibu timbul akibat peristiwa katastrofe yang dialaminya, yaitu berupa kekerasan seksual. Sebagai impak, trauma tersebut mengubah subjek Ibu menjadi liyan: kehilangan agensi diri, kabur dari rumah, mabuk, berjudi, dan melacurkan diri. Impak ini nyatanya juga merembet kepada sang anak yang terus merawat Ibu yang merupakan korban trauma. Sebagai hasil terus menerus bergelut secara intens dengan korban trauma, subjek anak tanpa sadar menciptakan trauma—secara sekunder—dalam dirinya dengan memunculkan pemikiran-pemikiran bunuh diri. Meski demikian, upaya akhir yang selalu dilakukan oleh subjek anak ialah terus merawat sang Ibu. Dalam hal ini, upaya yang dilakukan dalam merespons trauma yang dialami sang Ibu dan dirinya adalah suatu resiliensi atas keadaan.


 


Keywords


trauma; secondary trauma; Caruthian; subject; trauma impact; trauma; trauma sekunder; Caruthian; subjek; impak trauma

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/jk.v20i2.6672

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