MOTIF GENDER DALAM TIGA CERITA RAKYAT TOLAKI (Gender Motif in Three Tolakinese Folktales)

Abstract

Cerita yang melibatkan tokoh perempuan ini memuat motif gender baik sebagai motif utama maupun motif bawahan. Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam penelitian ini ialah bagaimana motif gender yang terkandung dalam tiga cerita rakyat Tolaki dan bertujuan mengungkap motif gender yang terdapat di dalam cerita “Wekoila”, “Haluoleo”, dan “Pasaeno”. Data berupa cerita rakyat Tolaki diperoleh melalui teknik wawancara dan penelusuran pustaka. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan analisis struktural Levi-Straus dengan mengurai mitem-mitem cerita. Selanjutnya, analisis motif dilakukan dengan fokus motif gender. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa cerita “Wekoila” menunjukkan bahwa tokoh perempuan diposisikan superior. Cerita “Haluoleo” memuat bahwa tidak ada konsep baku bagi pemosisian perempuan. Sementara itu, cerita “Pasaeno” menunjukkan tokoh perempuan yang ditempatkan sebagai pihak yang diabaikan hak-haknya. Dengan demikian, motif gender dalam ketiga cerita rakyat Tolaki ini disimpulkan tidak memiliki keseragaman.

Stories that involve female characters contain both genders as the primary motive and subordinate motives. The problem raised in this study was how the gender motives were contained in the three Tolaki folktales and aimed to uncover the gender motives contained in the "Wekoila", "Haluoleo", and "Pasaeno" stories. Tolaki folklore was obtained through interview techniques and library research. Data were analyzed qualitatively by using  Levi-Strauss structural analysis approach by breaking down myths. Then motive analysis was carried out with a focus on gender motives. The results of the analysis were known that the Wekoila story showed the gender motive in which female character was placed in the superior position. Haluoleo's story contained the gender motive in which there were no fixed concepts for women positioning. Meanwhile, Pasaeno's story showed the gender motive in which female characters were placed as whose rights were ignored. Thus it was concluded that the gender motives in the three Tolakinese folktales were lack of uniformity.