Fenomena Lingkungan dalam Cerpen Daring Melalui Tanggapan Mahasiswa Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia (Studi Ekokritik)

Iswan Afandi, NFN Juanda

Abstract


Penelitian ini bertujuan: Pertama, menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan tanggapan mahasiswa melalui penentuan tema dan penokohan dalam cerpen Asa dan Hutan Kalimantan. Kedua, menganalisis dan mendeskripsikan fenomena lingkungan dalam cerpen melalui tanggapan mahasiswa sesuai konsep Garrard. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori ekokritik Greg Garrard (2004). Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Populasi sebanyak 247 mahasiswa. Sampel sebanyak 28 mahasiswa. Penarikan sampel dilakukan dengan cara purposive. Sumber data penelitian, yaitu: 1) cerpen diunduh melalui web https://www.scribd.com, 2) angket berisi tanggapan mahasiswa. Data penelitian adalah tanggapan mahasiswa sesuai angket yang telah diberikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui teknik angket, baca, dan catat. Keabsahan data dilakukan melalui triangulasi teori dan sumber. Analisis data dilakukan dengan tahapan: (a) pereduksian; (b) penyajian; (c) penyimpulan; dan (d) verifikasi hasil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Tema dan penokohan. Tema cerpen Asa dan Hutan Kalimantan adalah tema perlindungan/menjaga hutan, tema perburuan hewan, dan tema variatif. Penokohan, yaitu diperankan oleh tokoh Asa yang tidak pernah melakukan pengrusakan terhadap hutan Kalimantan serta tokoh Asa memanfaat alam sesuai kebutuhan. Dengan kata lain, tokoh Asa memunyai karakter ‘melindungi’ dan tidak serakah pada alam; (2) fenomena lingkungan ditemukan melalui tanggapan mahasiswa adalah fenomena binatang, yaitu perusakan alam akibat perburuan orang utan Kalimantan.

This study aims, (1) to analyze and describe student responses through the determination of themes and characterizations in the Asa and Forest Kalimantan short stories. Secondly, analyzing and describing environmental phenomena in the short story through student responses according to Garrard's concept. The theory used in this study is Greg Garrard's (2004) ecocritical theory. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study. The population is 247 students. The samples were 28 students. Sampling is done by a purposive method. Research data sources, namely (1) short stories are downloaded via the web https://www.scribd.com, (2) questionnaires containing student responses. The research data is the students' responses according to the questionnaire given. Data collection is done through a questionnaire, read, and note down techniques. The validity of the data is done through the triangulation of theories and sources. Data analysis is carried out in stages: (a) reduction; (b) presentation; (c) the conclusion; and (d) verification of results. The results of this study indicate (1) Themes and characterizations. The theme of the Asa and Forest Kalimantan short stories is the theme of protection/preservation of the forest, the theme of animal hunting, and varied themes. Characterization, which is played by Asa figures who have never done damage to the forests of Kalimantan and Asa figures use nature as needed. In other words, the character of Asa has the character of ‘protect’ and is not greedy to nature; (2) environmental phenomena discovered through student responses are animal phenomena, namely natural destruction due to the hunting of Bornean Orang Utans.

 


Keywords


literary ecology; short stories; student responses

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.26499/und.v16i2.2713

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